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Infection Management Group
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Healthcare commission - Annual Health Check 2006/07
- including national study of healthcare associated infection
- core and developmental standards, first domain - safety (reducing risk of HAI, including MRSA)
Healthcare commission - Acute Hospital Portfolio 2005/2006
- acute hospitals portfolio medicines management core questionnaire (Sections 6.7-6.10 cover antimicrobials)
Department of Health 2003 - Medicines management in NHS Trusts: hospital medicines management framework
NHS Litigation Authority - Clinical Negligence Scheme for Trusts - Level 1 = implementation of Saving Lives
http://www.nhsla.com/RiskManagement/CnstStandards/
Saving Lives - The delivery programme to reduce healthcare associated infections (HCAI) including MRSA (Dept of Health)
POLICY, GUIDELINES AND IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS
Dept of Health Specialist Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance template for antimicrobial prescribing policies - essential starting point
http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/sacar/publications.htm
European Study Group on Antibiotic Policies (Study Group of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases)
http://www.escmid.org/Files/esgap_antibiotic_policies.pdf
Instrument to evaluate quality of guidelines - vital reminder of how to write a quality guideline (aimed at national/international guidelines)
http://www.agreecollaboration.org/instrument/
http://bnf.org/ Must consult before developing/updating local guideline
http://www.sign.ac.uk/guidelines/published/index.html Must consult before developing/updating local guideline
http://www.nice.org.uk/page.aspx?o=infections Must consult before developing/updating local guideline
http://www.dtb.org.uk/idtb/ Drug and therapeutics bulletin - occasional infection articles; should consult before developing/updating guideline
http://www.bsac.org.uk/pyxis/ Excellent source of evidence-based guidelines for hospital infections, excluding GUM
http://www.bashh.org/guidelines.asp Excellent source of evidence-based guidelines for GUM
Professional Societies - opinion leaders for doctors
http://www.bsac.org.uk/ British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC): MRSA, HAP, Endocarditis
http://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/index.html British Thoracic Society: pneumonia, TB, opportunistic mycobacteria, empyema
http://www.thoracic.org/sections/publications/statements/index.html American Thoracic Society: pneumonia, TB, HAP
http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/pubs/epubs.aspx Royal College of Physicians: infective endocarditis, TB
http://www.rcog.org.uk/ Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists: Pelvic inflammatory disease
http://www.bsg.org.uk/ British Society of Gastroenterology: Ascites in cirrhosis, acute pancreatitis, prophylaxis in endoscopy, non-variceal upper GI haemorrhage
http://www.b-s-h.org.uk/ British Society for Haematology: Splenectomy guidelines
http://www.idsociety.org/ Primary authority on ID in the US with comprehensive evidence-based guidelines available free
http://www.ppidonline.com/ Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Mandell, Bennett & Dolin (The definitive ID textbook, subscription required)
http://www.idreference.com/ Infectious Diseases, Cohen & Powderly (Also an excellent ID textbook, British editor, more colour and pictures, subscription required)
http://www.hoddereducation.co.uk/Title/0750601558/The_Use_of_Antibiotics_5Ed.htm (The definitive antibiotics textbook, Kucers A et al)
http://www.sanfordguide.com/ (US) The Sanford Guide (Quick reference, updated annually, the ‘Bible’ of antimicrobials, subscription required)
http://hopkins-abxguide.org/ (US) Excellent free Palm Pilot download from Johns Hopkins Hospital
http://www.clinicalevidence.com/ceweb/conditions/index.jsp Sponsored by the BMJ, useful source of evidence based medicine for specific clinical questions
http://www.guideline.gov/ US guidelines ‘clearing house’
http://www.neli.org.uk/IntegratedCRD.nsf/NeLI_Home1?OpenForm National Electronic Library for Infection - Comprehensive one-stop shop for information on infection with links to a vast array of web resources ranging from government reports to slide presentations. Can’t recommend highly enough!
NHS hospitals that have kindly posted their guidelines on intra/internet
http://195.105.0.247/Directorate/Med/Pharmacy/Antimicro/Index.htm Taunton & Somerset via NHSnet (thank you Antony Zorzi)
http://www.christie.nhs.uk/neutropenic/default.htm Christie Hospital guidelines on the management of neutorpenic sepsis (thank you David Kaye)
http://www.nuh.nhs.uk/qmc/antibiotics/ Nottingham (thank you Tim Hills)
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/mrwhome/106568753/HOME The Cochrane library - An absolute must when researching original clinical trial evidence for a guideline.
http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/content/vol41/issue4/index.dtl Critical appraisal of antibiotic clinical trials: Smith C et al JAC 1998: 41; 467-480
Primary care guidelines
http://www.prodigy.nhs.uk/guidance/by_clinical_specialty/infections_and_infestations Prodigy is an excellent resource for evidence-based medicine and often provides useful information for A&E guidelines and some hospital infections
The Health Protection agency has produced authoritative guidelines for primary care.
http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/primary_care_guidance/menu.htm
National Prescribing Centre - Therapeutic Reference Sheets. Antibiotic reference sheet is a thorough and succinct review of the evidence on resistance, sociology and strategy. The 2002 antibiotic reference sheet was packed full on evidence on treatment of infections in primary care.
http://www.npc.co.uk/npc_events_tw.htm
Patient information on infections
http://www.prodigy.nhs.uk/patient_information/pils/by_condition/infections
RESISTANCE SURVEILLANCE
Health Protection Agency website
http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/antimicrobial_resistance/menu.htm
Mandatory Surveillance of Healthcare Associated Infection Report, 2006
http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/hai/mandatory_report_2006.htm
Surgical Site Infection Surveillance Service (SSISS)
http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/surgical_site_infection/default.htm
Department of Health webpage on antimicrobial resistance - Key reports, documents, links
http://www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/HealthAndSocialCareTopics/AntimicrobialResistance/fs/en
Department of Health webpage on healthcare acquired infection, including mandatory reporting of MRSA, GRE, SSI, C. diff - Key reports, documents, links
http://www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/HealthAndSocialCareTopics/HealthcareAcquiredInfection/fs/en
BSAC antibiotic resistance surveillance programme - includes respiratory pathogens and bacteraemia data from across the UK
European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System - Data submitted from several UK Labs. Possible to search by organism and antibiotic.
http://www.rivm.nl/earss/database/
MYSTIC
Use of a program-specific website to disseminate surveillance data obtained from the Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection (MYSTIC) Study. Turner PJ, Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005 Dec;53(4):273-9.
GAARD (Global Advisory on Antibiotic Resistance Data)
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/CID/journal/contents/v41nS4.html?erFrom=7205972864161098611Guest
This report provides a uniquely comprehensive view of drug resistance patterns across the major infectious diseases. It combines findings from diverse surveillance systems run by the world's leading infectious disease experts tracking resistance around the world.
SENTRY Antimicrobial surveillance (Try PubMed search using ‘SENTRY’)
Eurosurveillance - communicable disease surveillance and control
IPSE - Improving Patient Safety in Europe: IPSE aims to resolve persisting differences in the variability of preventive practices and outcomes with respect to nosocomial infection and antibiotic resistance in Europe
World Health Organisation
DANMAP - the Danish Integrated Antimicrobial resistance Monitoring and Research Programme
AUDIT OF ANTIBIOTIC CONSUMPTION AND QUALITY OF PRESCRIBING
WHO collaborating centre for drug statistics methodology (inc. Defined Daily Doses)
South Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust - DDD template (Jonathan Cooke - Chief Pharmacist)
ABC Calc - Excel DDD calculator from ESGAP (ESCMID Study Group on Antibiotic Policies)
European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption
http://www.esac.ua.ac.be/main.aspx?c=*ESAC2
Antibiotic Resistance Prevention and Control (Aberdeen-based, Europe-wide survey of antibiotic usage in hospitals)
Benchmarking antimicrobial usage - South Australian Hospitals
www.dh.sa.gov.au/pehs/publications/sa-antimicrobial-june05.pdf
Benchmarking antimicrobial usage - Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust
http://www.pharmj.com/pdf/hp/200604/hp_200604_defineddailydoses.pdf
Antimicrobial Prescribing Policy and Practice In Scotland: Recommendations For Good Antimicrobial Practice In Acute Hospitals (Including Point Prevalence Template - Glasgow Antimicrobial Audit Tool)
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/09/02132609/26099
Scottish Health Statistics
http://www.isdscotland.org/isd/3648.html
The Swedish Strategic Programme for the Rational Use of Antimicrobial Agents and Surveillance of Resistance (STRAMA) - Ongoing project to evaluate web-based point prevalence tool for use across European hospitals (Birmingham is the test site for England)
http://en.strama.se/dyn/,84,,.html
QUALITY AND RISK MANAGEMENT
Surviving Sepsis Campaign
http://www.survivingsepsis.org/index.html
Institute for Healthcare Improvement - 100,000 Lives campaign: reducing surgical site infection, central line related infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION
National Electronic Library of Infection: NELI compiles all the reports and guidelines on the topics in one website with hyperlinks to source documents - fantastic resource
http://www.neli.org.uk/IntegratedCRD.nsf/NeLI_Diseases_AR?OpenForm
NICE: Infection control - prevention of healthcare-associated infection in primary and community care
http://www.nice.org.uk/page.aspx?o=71774
Evidence-based practice in infection control (EPIC)
The EPIC Project - Guidelines for Preventing Hospital Acquired Infections
http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/07/73/68/04077368.PDF
http://www.epic.tvu.ac.uk/PDFFiles/epic%201/epic%20update.pdf (Dec 2004)
Guidelines for transparent reporting of Outbreak Reports and Intervention studies Of Nosocomial infection - good research methodology
http://www.bsac.org.uk/_db/_documents/FINAL_ORION.doc
Surgical Site Infection - Saving Lives High Impact Intervention No. 3 - Useful resource for evidence based prevention of SSI
http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/11/34/74/04113474.pdf
National Audit Office - The management and control of hospital acquired infection in acute NHS trusts in England (2000)
http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/nao_reports/9900230.pdf
National Audit Office - Improving patient care by reducing the risk of hospital acquired infection: a progress report (2004)
http://www.nao.org.uk/publications/nao_reports/03-04/0304876.pdf
Health Protection Agency - Nosocomial Infection National Surveillance System (NINSS)
http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/publications/ninns/hosacq_HAB_2002.pdf
Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (US) - National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/nnis_pubs.html
BMA: Healthcare associated infections - a guide for health professionals (Feb06)
http://www.bma.org.uk/ap.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/PDFHealthcareAssocInfect/$FILE/HCAIs.pdf
SHEA - The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America
http://www.shea-online.org/publications/shea_position_papers.cfm
EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS
Academy of infection management - Industry sponsored but useful source of material for talks
http://www.infectionacademy.org/resources.asp
Centers for Disease Prevention and Control in Atlanta (US) - Plenty of material for slideshows
http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/healthcare/patients.htm
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control - New European organisation
APT: Appropriate Prescribing for Tomorrow’s doctors
http://www.dundee.ac.uk/facmedden/APT/index.htm (Note - The Prudent Antibiotic User Website (PAUSE) will be developed over the next 12-months to provide learning resources for undergraduate medical students, doctors, dentists, nurses, pharmacists and other health professionals who prescribe antibiotics. See BSAC website for details)
Mycology
ORGANISATIONS (Acknowledgement: Wendy Lawson and Barbara Dean)
http://www.ukcpa.org/ UKCPA homepage with links to infection management group and excellent resource centre
Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics (APUA) - Why not join?
The British Infection Society (BIS)
http://www.britishinfectionsociety.org/
British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) - Why not join?
British Society for Medical Mycology
European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID)
Health Protection Agency (HPA)
The Hospital Infection Society (HIS)
Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)
International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID)
National electronic Library of Infection (NeLI)
Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene
Special Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance (SACAR)
http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/sacar/contact.htm
GOVERNMENT REPORTS ON ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION - See NELI for more
The Health Act 2006: Code of practice for the prevention and control of healthcare associated infections (Dept of Health)
http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/13/93/37/04139337.pdf
Winning ways - working together to reduce healthcare acquired infection. Report from CMO (December 2003).
http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/06/46/89/04064689.pdf
Hospital pharmacy initiative for promoting prudent use of antibiotics in hospitals (PL/CMO/2003/3). Department of Health: London; 2003a. http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/01/35/63/04013563.pdf
The Government Response to ‘Fighting infection’, the 4th Report of the House of Lords Select Committee on Science and technology 2002-2003 (November 2003)
http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/06/97/68/04069768.pdf
‘Fighting infection’, the 4th Report of the House of Lords Select Committee on Science and technology 2002-2003 (July 2003)
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200203/ldselect/ldsctech/138/138.pdf
Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy and Scottish Action Plan 2002
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2002/06/14962/7799
Getting ahead of the Curve: a strategy for combating infectious disease. A report by the Chief Medical Officer (January 2002)
http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/06/08/75/04060875.pdf
World Health Organisation Global Strategy for the Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance
Optimising the clinical use of antimicrobials: Report and recommendations for further work. The Interdependent departmental Steering Group on Resistance to Antibiotics and other Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Prescribing Subgroup. London, June 2001.
www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/08/43/95/04084395.pdf
House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology. Resistance to antibiotics. 3rd Report. The Stationery Office: London; 2001.
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200001/ldselect/ldsctech/56/5601.htm
UK Antimicrobial resistance strategy and action plan. London: Department of Health: London; 2000.
http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/07/84/48/04078448.pdf
HSC1999/049 “Resistance to antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents”
The Path of Least Resistance: summary and recommendations. (1998) Standing Medical Advisory Committee (SMAC) Sub-group on Antimicrobial Resistance. (April 1998)
http://www.advisorybodies.doh.gov.uk/smac1.htm
The Copenhagen Recommendations. Report from the Invitational EU Conference on The Microbial Threat, Copenhagen Denmark, 9-10 September 1998 http://www.im.dk/publikationer/micro98/forside.htm
Resistance to Antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents, 7th Report 1997-98, HL Paper 81, ISBN 010 478998.
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldselect/ldsctech/081vii/st0701.htm